ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Comprender los factores relacionados con el embarazo no planificado en las adolescentes, desde la perspectiva de las escolares nuligestas.Método: Estudio cualitativo de casos, en mujeres entre 15 y 19 años, pertenecientes a dos establecimientos educacionales, con altos índices de embarazo, en la ciudad de Temuco, Chile. Se realizaron cuatro grupos focales, constituidos por 14 adolescentes no embarazadas,identificándose factores en las dimensiones individuales, familiares y sociales. Para el análisis se utilizó el programa ATLAS-ti 4,1. Se trianguló por investigador en la ejecución del estudio y análisis de los datos. Resultados: En la dimensión individual aparecen como relevantes factores de riesgo que favorecen el embarazo (FFE): "amor romántico", no uso de métodos anticonceptivos, baja autoestima, irresponsabilidad masculina y falta de conocimiento en sexualidad. En la dimensión familiar destacan los factores: límite estrecho familiar y negligencia paterna. Surgen factores percibidos por las adolescentes como protectoras del embarazo no planificado (FPE), en la dimensión individual destacan: capacidad reflexiva y proyecto de vida; en la dimensión familiar: "familia cuidadora" y límites claros; y en la dimensión social la categoría o factor con mayor peso es "sanción social". Conclusiones: Entre los hallazgos destacan como FFE relevantes el "amor romántico" y los límites polares familiares. Como FPE, la capacidad de reflexión y "familia cuidadora". Estos elementos debieran ser considerados en la prevención del embarazo no planificado en población adolescente.
Objective: To identify and understand factors associated to pregnancy in adolescents under the perspective of the never pregnant adolescent. Methods: Qualitative study undergone on women 15 to 19 years of age. School based sample of women were drawn from 2 schools chosen due to their high pregnancy rate. Four focus groups were created and each one was composed by 14 eligible women. Factors associated to individuals, to family, and to social environment were studied. Triangulation was performed during the study conduction and data analysis. Analysis was done by using ATLAS-ti 4.1. Results: Factors which appear to be favouring pregnancy at the individuals were: "romantic love", no use of contraceptives, low self esteem, male irresponsibility, lack of knowledge in sexuality. At the family level, the factors are: the permit's restriction and paternal negligence. Factors which help in avoiding pregnancy in adolescents at the individual level are: subject's reflexive capacity and project of life. At the family level, protective family and clearly defined limits are the ones which help preventing pregnancy. Social punishment is the main social factor associated. Conclusions: The view of the never pregnant adolescent and the multilevel model used in the focus group will allow decision makers to design strategies at the subject, family and social levels to help in reducing the unwanted pregnancy in adolescents. Main factors here identified are: "romantic love", permit`s restriction, paternal negligence as favouring pregnancy; reflexive capacity and protective family are the ones shown as preventives.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Pregnancy in Adolescence/psychology , Pregnancy, Unwanted/psychology , Self Concept , Chile , Risk Factors , Contraception Behavior , Qualitative Research , Family Relations , Protective Factors , Social FactorsABSTRACT
Background:Lawyers need some medical knowledge and physicians must know about forensics. Aim: To explore training and research programs in forensic medicine in Chilean universities. Material and methods: Deans of all Medicine Faculties in Chile were contacted by e-mail and invited to answer a questionnaire containing 21 questions. A survey of Chilean publications on forensic medicine was performed in Medline, Lilacs and SciELO databases. Results: Fourteen deans answered the questionnaire. In all the responding faculties, forensic medicine is an obligatory course, generally during the fifth year and mostly combining theory with practice. In seven faculties, forensic medicine concepts are included in other courses. Forensics is taught in only two of 10 dental schools, two of 17 nursing schools, one of nine midwives schools and one of nine medical technology schools. It is not taught in phonoaudiology, kinesiology and nutrition schools. There are 74 physicians that teach the specialty but only 10 are certified by the National Board of Medical Specialty Certification (CONACEM). Treatment of most topics on forensics is insufficient. Thanatology is the strongest topic and forensic dentistry is the weakest. There are 52 publications in the area, mostly on "medical law". Conclusions: Forensic medicine is taught in medical schools mostly as thanatology. The knowledge of forensics among medical students is limited and must be improved.